People familiar with the matter say that the current round of talks to create the world’s largest miner, which the two companies confirmed on Thursday night, are the most serious they have ever been, while emphasizing they are still at an early stage. At the heart of the shift is a concern within Rio that its iron ore-heavy portfolio could be left behind as copper M&A frenzy sweeps the sector, as well as a configuration of personalities on both sides who are better able to come to an agreement, the people said.

When the deal was last seriously discussed in late 2024, the talks foundered over Rio’s unwillingness to pay a big premium, as well as differences in the cultures fostered by Rio’s then-CEO and the Glencore leadership. At the time, Glencore pushed for Nagle to run the combined company.

Now Rio has a new boss and both sides appear more willing to compromise. Rio may ultimately consider paying a takeover premium, some of the people said, while other people suggested that the Glencore side is open to being pragmatic on the subject of management — recognizing that a larger firm paying a takeover premium would most likely seek to install its leadership in the new company.

What’s more, a shift in investors’ attitudes toward coal mining means that Rio could buy Glencore outright with less fear of a backlash. Bloomberg earlier reported that Rio was open to retaining Glencore’s vast coal business.

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